07. Game Plan
Knowing bug classes is half of it. The other half is having a process you can run on any app, every time, without getting lost.
The Loop
- Be a user first Sign up, click every button, fill out every form. You can't spot weird behavior until you know what normal looks like.
-
Build a map
With Burp or the Network tab running, write down every page, API call, and parameter you see.
Then go digging: page source, JS files,
robots.txt. - Follow your input Pick a parameter and figure out where it lands. A database query? A shell command? Back on the page? Used to look up a record? That tells you which bug to hunt for.
- Poke it Send small, harmless probes and compare responses. An error, a missing chunk of page, or a different result count is a lead.
- Prove it Once something looks off, slow down and work out exactly why. Build a payload for that specific spot instead of pasting a list and hoping.
- Write it down, move on Save the request, the steps, and the impact. Most leads go nowhere, and that's normal. The people who find bugs are the ones who keep looping.
Cheat Sheet
Where to poke
- Query strings:
?id=,?q= - Form fields, hidden ones too
- JSON in API requests
- Cookies
- Headers:
User-Agent,Referer - IDs in the path:
/user/1042 - File names and uploads
What to send
- SQLi:
'then' OR '1'='1 - Column count:
' ORDER BY 1-- - HTML injection:
<b>hi</b> - XSS:
<img src=x onerror=alert(1)> - Command injection:
; id,| whoami - IDOR: your ID ± 1
- Access control:
role=admin
Where to go next
Keep learning
- PortSwigger Web Security Academy: free labs for every bug class. Do this next.
- OWASP Top 10
- PayloadsAllTheThings
- MDN Web Docs
Practice
- TryHackMe: guided and beginner-friendly
- Hack The Box: realistic boxes and web challenges
- picoCTF: free CTF practice
- OWASP Juice Shop: run it locally and break it
- HackerOne Hacktivity: read real bug reports
Get involved
- Competitions: CCDC, CPTC, CyberForce, National Cyber League. The best way to build skills (and your resume) as a student.
- Cyber clubs on campus: there are a lot of them, and if you're here, you're already doing the right thing.
- Darknet Diaries: true stories from the dark side of the internet.
Browser add-ons
- Wappalyzer: see what a site is built with
- Cookie-Editor: view and edit cookies fast
- FoxyProxy: flip your traffic to Burp in one click